As a symbol of modern transportation, high-speed railways have been widely used around the world.

Since Japan opened the world's first high-speed railway in 1964, many countries have successively developed their high-speed railway systems.

High-speed railways have not only significantly shortened travel times between cities but have also played a positive role in economic, social, and environmental aspects.

Japan is the birthplace of high-speed railways. In 1964, Japan launched the world's first high-speed railway, the Tokaido Shinkansen, on the eve of the Tokyo Olympics. This initiative brought revolutionary changes to Japan's transportation methods and provided a reference model for other countries worldwide.

The Shinkansen is renowned for its punctuality, safety, and high speed, with a maximum speed of over 300 kilometres per hour, and it continues to maintain exceptionally high operating standards.

The Shinkansen network now connects major cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, and Fukuoka, establishing a solid foundation for Japan's transportation system.

In Europe, France stands as one of the pioneers of high-speed railways. In 1981, France introduced the TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse), which became the fastest train globally at the time, with a top speed of 320 kilometres per hour.

The TGV not only connects major cities within France but also extends to Belgium, Germany, and Spain through cross-border routes, creating a European transnational high-speed rail network. France's success has inspired other European countries to accelerate the development of their high-speed rail systems.

Germany's Intercity Express (ICE) is another prominent example of European high-speed rail. Since its inauguration in 1991, ICE trains have connected major German cities, including Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich, and have extended into neighbouring countries such as the Netherlands and France.

Known for their speed and passenger comfort, ICE trains have become essential for inter-city transportation in Germany. They have also enhanced economic and cultural ties within Europe through their cross-border operations.

Spain's high-speed rail network has also seen rapid development in recent years. In 1992, Spain launched its first AVE (Alta Velocidad Española) high-speed railway, which has since expanded into one of Europe's most extensive high-speed rail systems.

The AVE trains centred in Madrid, connect cities such as Barcelona, Seville, and Valencia, significantly boosting Spain's tourism industry. Additionally, the AVE line connects the southern Andalusian region, promoting economic prosperity there through improved accessibility.

China has emerged as a global leader in high-speed rail development. Since the opening of the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway before the 2008 Summer Olympics, China's high-speed rail network has expanded at an extraordinary pace.

As of 2023, the total length of China's high-speed rail network has exceeded 40,000 kilometres, making it the largest and busiest high-speed rail system in the world. China's network covers almost all provinces and connects major cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.

Offering low fares, high-quality services, and a convenient travel experience, China's high-speed rail has revolutionized domestic transportation. It has also extended its reach internationally through the "Belt and Road" initiative, promoting cross-border transportation cooperation.

South Korea has also made significant strides in the development of high-speed rail. In 2004, South Korea launched the KTX (Korea Train Express), connecting major cities like Seoul, Busan, and Daegu, with trains reaching speeds of up to 300 kilometres per hour.

KTX has significantly reduced travel times between the northern and southern regions of the country, providing a boost to South Korea's economy and tourism industry.

In North America, high-speed rail development has lagged behind other regions. Despite having a well-established railway network, the United States has made slower progress in constructing high-speed rail compared to Asia and Europe.

The current Acela Express operates along the U.S. eastern corridor, reaching speeds of up to 240 kilometres per hour, but it still falls short of matching the high-speed rail systems in Europe or Asia. In recent years, regions like California have attempted to develop high-speed rail projects, but progress has been slow and challenges remain.

High-speed rail's popularity is continuing to expand globally, with Asia and Europe remaining the key regions for high-speed rail construction.

High-speed rail systems in countries such as China, Japan, France, and Germany lead the way in terms of technology, scale, and operations. Meanwhile, high-speed rail in countries like Spain and South Korea also plays a crucial role in their respective regions.

With advances in technology and increased investment in infrastructure, more countries are expected to join the global high-speed rail network in the future. This efficient and environmentally friendly mode of transportation is poised to further enhance global connectivity.